Principals and Teachers as a Change Agent
Keywords:
Teacher Perception, Leadership, Principal, Agent of ChangeAbstract
Research over the last millennium has focused on identifying the traits and characteristics that make for influential leaders and the types of change agents they should be. Second-grade teachers are expected to meet the emotional, social, physical, and biological needs of their students. The secondary school principal sets the tone and promotes their development. The principal must provide data to teachers in order for them to improve their instruction and curriculum assessment. This study aims to assess their attitudes that have been identified as productive concerning the skills and qualities they believe are essential to their success as evolving operatives in their school systems. Those specific problems to be studied include any differences that are important for successful principal leaders in the school's socio-economic context, gender, and the role that the demographic composition of the student population can play. The study looked at secondary school principals in different districts of Karachi. The questionnaire was divided into four sections that focused on the demographics of principals and their schools, abilities and characteristics assessed using the Likert Scale, and significant school changes. The prominent gender, the socio-economic context in schools, and schools with diverse demographic compositions were among the areas that yielded positive results. In conclusion, school size and teachers' level of education had a more significant influence on teacher perceptions of secondary school principals' leadership behavior than any other variable. Surprisingly, secondary school principals' gender, age, qualification, or professional education had little influence on how teachers perceived their leadership. Although the level of education of principals was significant in influencing teacher perceptions of principals' adaptation of recognized leadership skills to meet the needs of children, the size of the school and teachers' qualifications were the most influential in shaping teacher perceptions of middle school principals' leadership behavior. This could be of interest to teachers' communities, department heads looking to hire principals, and universities developing programs for teaching staff.
References
Ahmadi, A. A., & Lukman, A. A. (2015). Issues and Prospects of Effective Implementation of New Secondary School Curriculum in Nigeria. Journal of education and practice, 6(34), 29-39.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1086103
Bolden, R., Jones, S., Davis, H., & Gentle, P. (2015). Developing and sustaining shared leadership in higher education Bremmer, R. H. 1987. American philanthropy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Buchholtz, A. K., Amason, A. C., & Rutherford, M. A. 1999. Beyond resources: The mediating effect of top management discretion and values on corporate philanthropy. Business and Society, 38: 167–187.
Cuili Qian (cuili.qian@cityu.edu.hk) is an assistant professor of strategic management at the College of Business, City University of Hong Kong. She received her Ph.D. from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Her current research interests include corporate social responsibility and corporate political strategies in transition economies and MNCs’ staffing and control of subsidiaries.
Friedman, M. 1970. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, September 13: 122–126
Galaskiewicz, J., & Burt, R. S. 1991. Interorganization contagion in corporate philanthropy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 88–105.
Getz, K. A. 1997. Research in corporate political action: Integration and assessment. Business and Society, 36: 32–72.
Godfrey, P. C. 2005. The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective. Academy of Management Review, 30: 777–798.
Griffin, J. J., & Mahon, J. F. 1997. The corporate social performance and corporate financial performance debate: Twenty-five years of incomparable research. Business and Society, 36: 5–31.
Haley, U. C. V. 1991. Corporate contributions as managerial masques: Reframing corporate contributions as strategies to influence society. Journal of Management Studies, 28: 485–509.
Heli Wang (mnheli@ust.hk) is an associate professor in management at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Her current research focuses on employee motivation issues in the resource-based view of the firm, corporate stakeholders and social responsibility, and corporate governance. She received a Ph.D. in strategic management from The Ohio State University
Hillman, A. J., Zardkoohi, A., & Bierman, L. 1999. Corporate political strategies and firm performance: Indications of firm specific benefits from personal service in the US government. Strategic Management Journal, 20: 67–81.
Jones, M. T. 1995. Instrumental stakeholder theory: A synthesis of ethics and economics. Academy of Management Review, 20: 404–437.
Kramer, R. M. 1991. Intergroup relations and organizational dilemmas: The role of categorization processes. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, 13: 191– 228. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Li, H., Meng, L., Wang, Q., & Zhou, L. 2008. Political connections, financing and firm performance: Evidence from Chinese private firms. Journal of Development Economics, 87: 283–299.
Orlitzky, M. 2001. Does organizational size confound the relationship between corporate social performance and firm financial performance? Journal of Business Ethics, 33: 167–180
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. 2002. The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review 80 (December): 5–16.
Seifert, B., Morris, S. A., & Bartkus, B. R. 2004. Having, giving, and getting: Slack resources, corporate philanthropy, and firm financial performance. Business and Society, 43: 135–161.
Shaffer, B. 1995. Firm-level responses to government regulation: Theoretical and research approaches. Journal of Management, 21: 495–514.
Wang, H., Choi, J., & Li, J. T. 2008. Too little or too much? Untangling the relationship between corporate philanthropy and firm financial performance. Organization Science, 19: 143–159.
Watson, B. (Trans.). 2007. Analects of Confucius. New York: Columbia University Press.http://hdl.handle.net/11343/55439
Bradshaw, L. K. (1999). Principals as Boundary Spanners: Working Collaboratively To Solve Problems. NASSP Bulletin, 83(611), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659908361105
Daresh, J. C. (1994). Restructuring educational leadership preparation: Identifying needed conditions. Journal of School leadership, 4(1), 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268469400400103
Eagly, A. H., & Johnson, B. T. (1990). Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 108(2), 233.https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.233
George, J. M. (1995). Leader positive mood and group performance: The case of customer service. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(9), 778-794.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01775.x
Goldhammer, K. & Becker, G. (1971). Elementary school principals and their schools: Beaconshttps://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED056380
Jackson, A. W., & Andrews, G. A. (2000). Turning points 2000: Educating adolescents in the 21st century. Teachers College Press.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED448910
Lee, V. E., Smith, J. B., & Cioci, M. (1993). Teachers and Principals: Gender-Related Perceptions of Leadership and Power in Secondary Schools. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 15(2), 153–180.https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737015002153
Leithwood, K., & Riehl, C. (2004). What we know about successful leadership. Practicing Administrator, 26(4).https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/aeipt.140107
Lynch, M. (2012). A Guide to Effective School Leadership Theories (1st ed.). Routledge.https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203181010/guide-effective-school-leadership theories-matthew-lynch
Nelson, B. S., & Sassi, A. (2005). The effective principal: Instructional leadership for high-quality learning. Teachers College Press.https://www.amazon.ca
/Effective-Principal-Instructional-Leadership-High-Quality/dp/080774607X
Shareatpanahi, M. (1982). The relationship between gender and perceived leader behavior of male and female elementary school principals (Doctoral dissertation, University of San Francisco) https://www.proquest.com
/openview/7bb7b2bb21961696772edc14f1896d78/1?pq origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Spillane, J. P., & Diamond, J. B. (Eds.). (2007). Distributed leadership in practice. New York: Teachers
College, Columbia University. https://files.hbe.com.au/samplepages/TCP4186.pdf
Ubben, G. C., Hughes, L. W., & Norris, C. J. (2001). The principal: Creative leadership for effective schools. Allyn & Bacon/Longman Publishing, a Pearson Education Company, 1760 Gould Street, Needham Heights, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED482613
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Saima Hasan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.